Peak ATP

ATP, short for adenosine 5'-triphosphate, powers all human activity. It exists both inside and outside virtually every cell of the body. Intracellular ATP - the ATP within cell - is the major energy source, a phosphate and adenylyl groups donor, an intermediate in numerous cellular biosynthetic reactions and a regulator of a variety of cellular proteins.
Extracellular ATP is important too. In fact, extracellular ATP plays a key role in supporting the health of the blood vessels, heart and muscles.
Our bodies manufacture ATP all the time, but there are certain factors-such as age, exercise and other stressors-that can deplete its levels. Studies have shown that intravenous administration of ATP immediately increases levels of ATP everywhere. Once it enters the body, the ATP is broken down into adenosine and inorganic phosphate. These are incorporated into and expand the body's liver ATP pools. The liver ATP pools supply adenosine to the red blood cells, which use it as a building block to manufacture ATP. Then, the expanded red blood cell ATP pools are slowly released into the blood plasma.
Oral ATP can also elevate ATP levels in the liver, red blood cells and extracellular blood plasma. This represents a major advance in the ability to use exogenous ATP to benefit a variety of physiological functions in humans. It is especially important considering that articles in scientific journals indicate that significant adenosine and ATP losses are associated with age, with impaired organ and muscle function, and are reported in a variety of harmful physiological conditions and diseases in experimental animals and in humans.
Pre-clinical and human clinical trials have found that extracellular ATP and its major degradation product, adenosine, activate ATP and adenosine receptors on the lining of blood vessels, improving: Blood vessel tone and increasing vasodilation; the flow of blood to the heart, brain and peripheral areas, especially to skeletal muscles; the delivery of glucose, nutrients and oxygen to working and recovering muscles; the removal of catabolic waste products.
The end result of these actions is that PEAK ATP increases energy and vitality as well as improves athletic performance and recovery.
Studies in humans show that as we age, or in advanced disease, intracellular levels of ATP drop significantly. Similar studies in animals have shown that with age, there is a dramatic reduction in extracellular ATP, which reduces cardiovascular health. Administration of ATP can reverse this. Recent preclinical studies have demonstrated that oral administration of ATP in animals raises intracellular ATP pools. It also produces significant improvements in the health of the blood vessels and arterial oxygen pressure-without any adverse effects on blood pressure or heart rate.
One of the most significant results of increased circulation is the beneficial effect on athletic performance. When ATP is infused into the leg arteries of healthy subjects, it can increase muscle blood flow as powerfully as exercise. Because of the increase in blood flow, more nutrients accumulate near the exercising muscle, supplementing it with the oxygen, glucose and other essential nutrients it needs to keep working. The stimulation of blood flow also enhances the removal of waste products such as lactic acid and ammonia from the muscles. This speeds recovery. ATP additionally increases cerebral blood flow, so it boosts mental acuity and may lessen the perception of fatigue and exercise-associated pain.
It is now established that circulating ATP is the major regulator of local blood flow and oxygen delivery to exercising skeletal muscles in humans. Its ability to dilate blood vessels overrides the constriction of blood vessels that occurs when muscles contract.
A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial studied the effects of PEAK ATP on 27 male bodybuilders aged 18-45. Men who took a high dose (225 mg) of the supplement daily for two weeks were able to do 18.5% more reps than before they started the treatment and total lifting volume increased by 1,552 pounds-a 28.2% gain.